Prognostic Value of MCM2 Immunoreactivity in Stage T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Abstract
Objective:Due to the heterogeneous biologic behavior of stage T1 bladder carcinomas,there is a need for new markers allowing to assess the prognosis more accurately.To our knowledge,there are no reports on studies investigating minichromosome maintenance protein 2(MCM2)expression in bladder carcinomas.Thus,we investigated the prognostic value of MCM2 immunoreactivity in stage T1 bladder tumors.

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Abstract
Autoantibodies against nucleosomes (ANuA) are known to be sensitive markers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),but their clinical relevance seemed to be limited because sera from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) also showed positive reactions with conventional ANuA ELISA test systems (anti-Nu1 ELISA). It was generally assumed that ANuA were associated with both diseases.Using discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation to generate pure nucleosomes,we discovered by chance that at the 30–50% sucrose interface an antigen (Nu2) banded which was demonstrably free of non-histone components and histone H1.

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BACKGROUND: Antimitochondrial antibodies specific for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) target the E2 subunits of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes, in particular the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-E2. Their antigen-specific detection relies on conventional ELISA using purified PDC. More recent assays have employed a hybrid containing the 3 E2-subunits (MIT3). Some PBC sera react with one or the other preparation, suggesting the presence of nonoverlapping epitopes.

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ABSTRACT Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) with a C-ANCA or P-ANCA pattern are detected in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). While in most patients with AAV a C-ANCA pattern is due to reactivity with proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA, some C-ANCA-positive sera do not react with PR3.Objective: The development and evaluation of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PR3-ANCA with increased sensitivity.

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Objective: To determine the presence and kinetics of antibodies against synaptic proteins in patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE).Methods: Retrospective analysis of 44 patients with polymerase chain reaction-proven HSE for the presence of a large panel of onconeuronal and synaptic receptor antibodies. The effect of patients’ serum was studied in cultures of primary mouse hippocampal neurons.

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Objective: To report that antibodies to synaptic proteins may occur in association with slow, progressive cognitive decline.
Methods: A total of 24 patients with progressive cognitive dysfunction of unclear etiology wereexamined for onconeuronal and synaptic receptor antibodies. The effect of serum was examined in cultures of dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons.

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In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype,has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy,cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB,conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status.

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Membranous nephropathy (MN) belongs to a family of kidney diseases that is associated with inflammation and hypersensitivity of the glomeruli (glomerulitis) and/or interstitium (nephritis) of the kidney. This is in contrast to tubulopathies, where mainly the renal tubules are affected. The characteristic hallmark of MN is a subepithelial in situ deposition of immune complexes at the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) [1]. Since the thickened GBM can be seen by light microscopy in later stages of illness, this disease was initially termed “membranous glomerulonephritis” [2].

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